DDG Ellard recently discussed the main functions of the World Trade Organization (WTO), including negotiations, trade monitoring, and dispute settlement. She emphasized the importance of technical assistance for developing and least-developed country members. Despite the growth of regional trade agreements, Ellard noted that about 75% of global trade still adheres to WTO rules. The consensus-based decision-making process ensures all members have an equal voice.
Ellard outlined current negotiating priorities for the WTO. She stressed the significance of implementing the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, adopted in June 2022, which requires acceptance by 111 WTO members to take effect. Currently, 83 have accepted it, leaving 28 more needed. Ongoing negotiations aim to address overcapacity and overfishing. “Maintaining momentum, especially at senior levels, is crucial for achieving the political will needed to conclude these negotiations,” she stated. Additionally, she highlighted efforts to incorporate plurilateral initiatives into the WTO rulebook.
Ellard also discussed committees' roles in monitoring WTO agreement implementation. “Transparency and notifications are essential to our work — they are the glue that binds compliance and accountability,” she explained. The Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) committees play a crucial role in addressing specific trade concerns, with only a small fraction escalating into formal disputes. The ePing platform provides access to notifications and specific trade concerns raised in these committees.
Regarding dispute settlement reform, Ellard commended Ambassador Usha Dwarka-Canabady of Mauritius and six co-facilitators for their efforts in ongoing negotiations among WTO members aimed at establishing a fully functional system by 2024. Although the Appellate Body is currently non-operational, disputes continue with seven new cases initiated this year.
On broader WTO reform, Ellard acknowledged differing member priorities but identified three focus areas: reforming substantive rules through negotiations; improving deliberative functions within committees; and enhancing Secretariat support for members.
In conclusion, Ellard highlighted the WTO's critical role as a forum for navigating complex trade issues collaboratively across geopolitical lines to prevent fragmentation. She noted that millions have been lifted out of poverty since its inception, emphasizing its contribution to global stability and sharing trade benefits.