Air pollution is identified as the leading health risk factor in Nepal, according to a new report by the World Bank. The report, titled "Towards Clean Air in Nepal: Benefits, Pollution Sources, and Solutions," emphasizes that single-sector solutions are insufficient for achieving clean air targets. It advocates for public policy and investment to optimize air quality actions across multiple sectors.
The Kathmandu Valley and the Terai region are noted as significant pollution hotspots with no notable improvement over the past decade. Air pollution in Nepal reduces life expectancy by 3.4 years on average and results in approximately 26,000 premature deaths annually. Additionally, it impacts labor productivity, tourism, and aviation, costing more than 6 percent of Nepal's GDP each year.
Hon. Ain Bahadur Shahi Thakuri, Minister for Forests and Environment, stated, “Clean air and economic growth are not in conflict. In fact, the cost of inaction on pollution is far greater than the cost of taking bold steps today." He emphasized government commitments such as setting stricter industrial emission standards and promoting electric transport.
The report highlights several areas requiring action:
- Vehicle emissions: Electrifying vehicle fleets and improving vehicle inspection systems are crucial.
- Industrial emissions: Supporting cleaner technology adoption in industries can promote cleaner operations.
- Household cooking: Encouraging households to use cleaner cookstoves can reduce pollution.
- Forest fires: Prevention strategies and effective response systems are needed to manage forest fires.
- Transboundary pollution: Cooperation with neighboring countries is essential due to shared airsheds.
David Sislen from the World Bank expressed commitment to aiding Nepal's air quality improvement efforts through financial assistance and capacity-building support. “The World Bank is committed to helping Nepal strengthen its air quality improvement programs by leveraging financial and technical assistance," he said.