The European Union's transport sector is facing challenges in reducing its carbon emissions, as outlined in a recent report. Despite existing policies, emissions from transport continue to rise, posing a threat to the EU's climate goals. The report suggests that innovative financing, public-private partnerships, and specific policy measures are essential for reversing this trend.
Transport is identified as the largest source of greenhouse gases in the EU. From 1990 to 2022, emissions from this sector increased by 26%, while other sectors saw a reduction of 42%. Road transport remains the primary contributor, responsible for 73% of transport emissions in 2022 due to factors such as increased car ownership and road freight activity.
The report highlights the importance of leveraging private sector resources and expertise through financial tools and de-risking mechanisms. This approach aims to bridge investment gaps and enhance the impact of public resources. Public-private partnerships could bring global innovation into EU transport infrastructure and services.
E-mobility is seen as having significant potential but requires further efforts to overcome existing barriers. In 2023, the EU accounted for a quarter of global electric vehicle sales; however, affordability remains an issue. Incentivizing smaller electric vehicles and electrifying commercial fleets are suggested steps forward. Other recommendations include modern concession models for electric buses and innovative business models for zero-emission trucks.
Urban areas are crucial in reducing transport emissions since they house 75% of the EU population. Improving governance frameworks and diversifying funding mechanisms are advised strategies for cities. Tools like congestion charges and dynamic parking pricing can help fund sustainable urban transport systems.
Rail freight also presents opportunities for decarbonization despite its declining modal share to 17% in 2022. Investments in cross-border coordination, digitalization, last-mile connectivity, and multimodal logistics are necessary to boost rail competitiveness. Exploring alternative funding sources such as the Emissions Trading System could support railway development.
The report calls for strategic actions across these areas to meet climate targets while enhancing economic resilience within the EU.