A recent report by the World Bank has highlighted South Sudan's potential for sustainable economic growth through its renewable natural resources. The South Sudan Natural Resource Review (NRR) is the first comprehensive assessment of the country's fisheries, forestry, and wildlife sectors since its independence in 2011. The report emphasizes that while many South Sudanese already rely on local ecosystems for essentials like food and water, these sectors have greater potential to contribute to national development.
Fishing plays a crucial role in the livelihoods of many South Sudanese, with approximately 2.1 million people involved in fishing households. The states of Upper Nile, Jonglei, and Unity are noted for their productive fisheries. However, much of the sector's potential value is lost due to poor handling and transport issues.
Stephen Ling, Lead Environment Specialist at the World Bank, stated: “South Sudan has one of the most productive freshwater fisheries in the world... But alongside abundance, there have also been rapid declines.” He noted significant losses in wildlife populations and teak plantations.
The forestry sector is characterized by extensive forest cover with high ecosystem integrity. In terms of wildlife, South Sudan possesses vast habitats with potential for nature-based tourism. However, key areas like the Sudd wetland are only partially protected.
Charles Undeland from the World Bank Group emphasized: “South Sudan’s remarkable natural assets have the potential to deliver major development benefits for its people.” He suggested community-based management as a way to diversify away from oil dependence.
The report suggests that better management could yield significant financial benefits across these sectors. Modest improvements in fisheries management could add millions annually to South Sudan's economy. Restoring teak plantations could create jobs and revenue from nontimber products could reach over $1 billion per year. Wildlife restoration offers further economic opportunities through sustainable harvesting and tourism.