Water plays a vital role in the economic development of Europe and Central Asia, contributing significantly to electricity production, agriculture, and various industries. The region relies heavily on hydropower for nearly 27% of its electricity and on irrigated crops for about 15% of its agricultural income. Industries dependent on water, such as food processing, employ between 18-60% of the workforce.
The importance of water extends beyond economic aspects; it is crucial for health and well-being. Access to safe water and sanitation is essential for improving human and environmental health.
However, current water management practices pose significant challenges. As the region experiences economic growth, water demand is expected to rise substantially by 2050. This increase will be particularly notable in industrial and domestic sectors. Poor management coupled with rising demand and changing availability could negatively impact the economy.
Downstream and developing economies face particular vulnerabilities due to upstream countries' actions and climate change effects. These regions often lack robust institutions and infrastructure needed to address these challenges effectively.
The report encourages policymakers to prioritize effective water management strategies that benefit people, the environment, and economic growth. It aims to stimulate policy discussions around maximizing the benefits from available water resources while providing recommendations for sustainable regional water security.
To improve water security and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to water, countries in Europe and Central Asia are advised to:
- Update irrigation systems to enhance efficiency.
- Strengthen institutions for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and develop long-term strategies.
- Invest in infrastructure that boosts climate resilience.
- Promote regional cooperation for managing shared resources effectively.