The World Bank has released a report titled "The Journey Ahead: Supporting Successful Migration in Europe and Central Asia," which delves into migration trends within the region and their implications for policymaking. The report aims to contribute to a more nuanced discussion on the costs and benefits of cross-border mobility by identifying both challenges and opportunities associated with migration.
According to the report, effective management of migration can yield benefits for countries of origin, destination countries, and migrants themselves. It suggests several policy reforms aimed at maximizing the development impacts of migration while managing its economic, social, and political costs.
International coordination is emphasized as crucial for managing migration effectively and ensuring equitable distribution of its benefits. Among the suggested policies are distinguishing between different types of migration to tailor appropriate responses. These policies should be evidence-based, addressing the distinct needs of high-skilled and low-skilled migrants, including those seeking economic opportunities or fleeing conflict.
Another recommendation is integrating labor migration into broader competitiveness strategies across Europe and Central Asia (ECA). This involves investing in active labor market programs for native-born communities at the national level and adopting selective immigration policies based on specific needs.
The report also discusses transforming "brain drain" into "brain gain" by making migration an explicit development policy. This includes monitoring labor market needs in countries of origin, fostering public-private cooperation through Global Skill Partnerships, and incentivizing high-skilled migrants to return through supportive policies.
Lastly, strengthening frameworks for safer formal migration is highlighted. Efforts include developing domestic registration systems for migrants in countries of origin, establishing bilateral arrangements with destination countries, providing accurate information about work opportunities abroad, and ensuring portability of social insurance benefits.